According to the classification standards of application areas and specific characteristics, automatic identification technologies can be divided into the following seven types.
1. Barcode recognition technology
One-dimensional barcodes are binary codes consisting of different lines and spacing of widths and widths arranged in parallel.For example, these lines and intervals are arranged according to a predetermined pattern and represent the data items of the corresponding notation system.The arrangement of lines and intervals of different widths and narrows can be interpreted as numbers or letters.One-dimensional barcodes can be read by optical scanning, i.e. different reflections of the laser based on black lines and white intervals.
Two-dimensional barcode technology is produced under the premise that one-dimensional barcodes cannot meet the needs of practical applications.For example, due to the limitation of information capacity, 1D barcodes usually mark items rather than descriptions of items.2D barcodes can express information simultaneously in both horizontal and vertical directions, so they can express a large amount of information in a small area.
2. Biometrics
Refers to the automatic identification of human identity through the acquisition and analysis of the physical and behavioral characteristics of the human body.
Biometrics are divided into two categories: physical characteristics and behavioral characteristics.
l Physical characteristics: including fingerprints, palms, eyes (retina and iris), human odor, face shape, skin pores, wrists, hand blood vessel texture and DNA;
Behavioral characteristics include: signature, speech, walking gait, the force of hitting the keyboard, etc.
Example 1: Voice recognition technology
Voice recognition is a non-contact recognition technology that users can naturally accept.This technology can use sound instructions to achieve "hands-free" data acquisition, and its biggest feature is that it does not use hands and eyes, which is especially suitable for those who collect data and also complete the work of both hands and feet.Due to the rapid development of voice recognition technology and the development of efficient and reliable application software, the voice recognition system has been applied in many aspects.
3. Image recognition technology
In the process of human cognition, graphic recognition refers to the process of graphic stimulation acting on the sensory organs, and people then identify what the image is, also known as image re-recognition.
In the field of informatization, image recognition is a technology that uses computers to process, analyze and understand images to identify targets and objects in various patterns.For example, geography refers to the technology of classifying remote sensing images.
The key information of image recognition technology must have both the information that enters the senses at that time (that is, the input computer system) and the information stored in the system.The re-recognition of the image can only be achieved through the process of comparing the stored information with the current information.
4. Magnetic card identification technology
Magnetic card is a kind of magnetic recording medium card, made of high-strength, high-temperature plastic or paper-coated plastic, moisture-proof, wear-resistant and has a certain degree of flexibility, easy to carry, more stable and reliable to use.The magnetic stripe records information by changing the magnetic polarity, which has the opposite polarity in the place of magnetic oxidation, and the recognizer can distinguish this magnetic change within the magnetic stripe, a process called magnetochange.A decoder can read the magnetic changes and convert them back into alphanumeric form for a computer to handle.Magnetic card technology is capable of storing a large amount of information over a small area, and the information on the magnetic stripe can be rewritten or changed.
5. IC card identification technology
The IC card, that is, the integrated circuit card, is another information carrier that appears after the magnetic card.The IC card stores information through the integrated circuit in the card, and uses RF technology to communicate with the card reader that supports the IC card.RF reader to the IC card to send a set of fixed frequency electromagnetic waves, the card has an LC series resonant circuit, the frequency and the frequency emitted by the reader is the same, so that under the electromagnetic wave excitation, the LC resonant circuit generates resonance, so that there is a charge in the capacitor;In this capacitor.
